Why Juveniles Should Not Be Legal - 1254 Words

Juvenile Crimes in the United States Nachamada Roya Simon 250798336 SOC 2206B Section 570 March 8 2016 Professor Catherine Gelinas Introduction The proposed study is a cross-sectional research about why juveniles should not be put to trial and convicted in adult court and the factors that affect why they would be convicted in adult courts. The study would be conducted in two parts with both quantitative and qualitative methods. The first part of the study would be conducted in a juvenile and adult correctional facility whereas the second part of the study would take place in the city of Houston, Texas with university students and residents as test subjects. The juvenile and adult correctional facility directors would be contacted and informed prior to the commencement of the study. Two correctional facilities would be studied. The juvenile sample population would consists of juveniles that have been convicted for murder, man slaughter, drug trafficking, aggravated assault, aggravated robbery and/or burglary whereas the adult sample set would consist if inmates who were tried as juveniles and have been sentenced to death by either by incarceration or execution. This study is going to be conducted in male correctional facilities in order to control the variance attributable to the gender of the inmates. Once the directors of the correctional facilities review the study and inmates sign a consent form for the study to be carried out, the researcher would brief theShow MoreRelatedWhy Juveniles Should Be Legal1649 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who look like a bad influence or others that look innocent walking down the streets who have never committed a crime before. Juveniles ages 7-15 should not be sentenced to life without parole for crimes they commit because it would not be fair for them to spend the rest of their lives in jail for committing a mistake. Reasons can be found on why juveniles should be left inside a cell and arguments can build up if people disagree with one another. Some adults commit crimes and are left with freedomRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Juveniles1016 Words   |  5 Pagesthat many juveniles are being sentenced and tried unfairly in the court. Many believed that children as young as twelve should be treated differently than an adult who commit the same crime, but that’s not what’s happening today. Young children are not the same as an adult in many ways, so they should not be put in jail for life if they commit a crime. Nobody really deserve to be put into a jail for the rest of their life, especially a young kid. It is injustice to sentenced juveniles, who committedRead MoreCriminal Crime : A Crime, Assault, Burglary, And Assault1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthose that are â€Å"model citizens.† Felony crime is characterized by the Department of Justice as â€Å"crime, assault, burglary, and attack† (Legal Dictionary). According to the Uniform Crime Report, property crime is number one of the crimes committed by persons under the age of 18. Property crime is also high in numbers for children age 15 and under. Although juveniles arrested for violent crimes have decreased from 2013 to 2014 by 3.8 percent, these crimes are still being committed (Uniform Crime ReportRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe origins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adultsRead MoreJuvenile Justice : A Difficult Area For Law Enforcement Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice can be a difficult area for law enforcement. This is said because unlike adult offenders in the criminal justice system, the juvenile justice is about reform rather than incarceration. The thought process behind juvenile justice is to help these children to become better adults, not only for their community, but also for their workforce as well. There are some rules when handling delinquents. A great example would be an adult who has a public intoxication and has t o spend a nightRead MoreEssay on Life Without Parole for Juveniles956 Words   |  4 Pagesbanned the use of life without parole for juveniles who committed non-homicide crimes, and Roper v. Simmons (2005) abolished the use of the death penalty for juvenile offenders. They both argued that these sentences violated the 8th Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. While these landmark cases made great strides for the rights of minors passing through the criminal justice system, they are just the first steps in creating a juvenile justice system that takes into considerationRead MoreJuveniles As A Victim Of A Crime Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles Juveniles come in contact with the law and law enforcement everyday, but it is important to understand how to deal with these individuals. Oftentimes juveniles can be a victim of a crime, or even a suspect in a crime, and it is necessary to learn how to effectively communicate with these individuals. Children and juveniles have a different language set, understanding of law, mindset, and even a different way of coping compared to their adult counterparts. Officers dealing with these youngerRead MoreThe Legal Age Of Juvenile Justice1648 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile justice is the area of criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts (Juvenile Justice. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2014)[1]. A â€Å"crime† is any act or omission of an act in violation of a public law forbidding or commanding it (Criminal Law. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2014)[1]. The legal age limit for who is considered to be juvenile varies from state to st ate, although many states have set the legal age limit at 18. Once a child hasRead More Recognizing Our Rights1136 Words   |  5 PagesWe as citizens should recognize that any of our rights in the Constitution is subjected to continual interpretation by our courts, especially by the United States Supreme Court. As of today, our Sixth Amendment still allows us as American citizens to â€Å"Due Process†, as well as other important rights. This particular right requires police and government officials to recognize our due process rights, especially as suspects during an arrest, questioning, and handling. During an arrest and prior toRead MoreJuvenile Competency to Stand Trial Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Competency to Stand Trial The Supreme Court has long considered competency to be a right of the criminal defendant in court. In many areas, insanity has been a criminal defense with a significant history. However, in the early part of this century, adult protections, including the competency requirement and common defenses like insanity, were not added into the juvenile court system. Because juvenile courts were established to protect juveniles from the rigors of adult court

The Greek s Victory Over Persia - 989 Words

The Greek’s victory over Persia marked the beginning of not only an era, but of cultural expansion that continues to impact our modern day society. The accomplishments and endeavors of the Ancient Greeks, both visible, such as arts and architecture, as well as intellectually in areas such as philosophy, science and government continue to influence the world today. Many or none of these influential elements of Ancient Greece would have come to fruition in such a†¦. way if the Greeks had not defeated the Persians. The freedom to think and expand provided the basis to thrive locally and globally. It was a turning point in the fate of Europe and subsequently the rest of the world which was built on European principles. The Greeks were masters at art especially in sculpture. Their handling of human anatomy and fine details in the hair and clothing were impressive. They were able to capture a wide range of human emotions, moods and depicting motion. Their sculptures inspired the Romans and the great sculptures of the Renaissance. The most visible impact on the world is in the area of Architecture where the Greeks were able to design and build monumental and beautiful structures. They achieved the method of visual symmetry in a column by making the column bulge in just the right way. Their theaters were designed to use the natural surroundings and shape to enhance the acoustical properties. Without the threat of Persian rule, the Greeks were able to continue toShow MoreRelatedThe 7 Wonders Of Greece1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Greek world built by Cleisthenes. The â€Å"Theatre of Epidaurus† is the world’s largest drama theatre and built to honor The Spirit of Dionysus, the queen of drama. A 110-foot tall bronze statue â€Å"The Colossus of Rhodes† is the Sun God Helios that overlooked the harbor of Rhodes. â€Å"The Olympics† and this gave rise to Olympia the greatest sports arena of the ancient world. The myth of a utopian world â€Å"City of Atlantis† and this no one has ever resolved. To match the ancient legends, these Greeks excelledRead More Sparta, not Athens, won the war against Persia Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek victory against Persia was largely due to efforts of mainly Athens but also Sparta as well. Athens was responsible for the major turning points of the Persian invasions, while Sparta was responsible for the deciding battle. Miltiades, with his skilful battle strategies, defeated the Persians during their second invasion at Marathon, which gave Athens a confidence boost on their military. During the third invasion, when the Athenians were evacuated to Salamis, Themistocles had devised aRead MoreThe Legacy O f Alexander The Great1050 Words   |  5 Pagesact as one and be united under the same rule. In the Battle of Chaeronea, the son of Philip II, Alexander, claimed victory for his father. During this key battle, Alexander demonstrated a remarkable act of bravery when he led the cavalry. After conquering the rest of Greece, and attempting to further his territory into Persia, Alexander’s father was murdered. When Alexander took over his father’s reign, unbeknownst to the world at that time, he would change the course of history. Alexander was theRead MoreThe Peloponnesian War And The Athenian War1354 Words   |  6 Pagespolitically apprehensive that Athenian culture prospered, for they had complete control over the Mediterranean Sea through the Delian League and were jealous of Athenian economic success. By 431 BC the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta and its allies shifted the balance of power. The inevitable encountering clash with the Delian League, led by Athens and its allies. Even though the Peloponnesian War led to the demise of Greek civilization, it also lead to the diffusion and eventual social exchange of Athenians’Read MoreThe War Of The Persian War854 Words   |  4 PagesPeloponnesian war took place, which was led by sparta. Than in Ancient Greece there were two main conquerors, Philip II and Alexander. As they are father and son, Philip II did a lot less than his son Alexander. Alexander wanted to fulfill his father s visions, which he exceeded his expectations. The trojan war took place in 1250 B.C.E. As this war has little evidence that it happened, it was passed down through many generations that this war took place. Many stories have the war happening in theRead MoreAlexander The Great : Legacy Of A Conqueror Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesUtah. Other than Alexander the Great: Legacy of a conqueror, Professor Adams has written other works, which include Sport, Spectacle and Society, Ancient Macedonia, Alexander s Successor to 221 B.C.E, Sport and Ethnicity in Ancient Macedonia, The Macedonian Wars, The Antigonids, and The Frontier Policy of Philip II. The author s typical style of writing is history, which is her area of expertise.Other than writing books, she has also obtained the Students Choice Award, which is from the AssociatedRead MoreThe Rise And Development Of Ancient Persia1259 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Persia also known as the Achaemenid Empire is known to be one of the greatest empires in ancient history. It was viewed as the first â€Å"humane, equal and religiously tolerant empire.† It was made up of several different languages, races, religions and cultures. The empire would become large enough to stretch through three continents. The rise and development of Persia revolved around the rule of Cyrus the Great and Darius the Great. Cyrus was a military and political genius that would go onRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Vietnam War1284 Words   |  6 Pagesfighting crime. Even looking as far back as Ancient Greece, we saw these conflicts. Some of the greatest victories can be attributed to a superior government. And yet, some of the worst acts of immorality have been done in the name of superior government. The great and free country of America, with the world’s most powerful military, has long imposed its governmental values on other nations over the course of its history. From World War II to the Vietnam War, America has tried to promote democracyRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesson of King Philip II of Macedonia, underwent a journey of overwhelming odds. Alexander led his army through multiple victories across the Persian territories of Asia Minor, Syria and Egypt without the agony of a single defeat. A noteworthy battle of Alexander was the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 B.C.E. The Battle of Gaugamela is significant because it ended Darius’s rule over Persia. [new par.] There are several forces and factors that contribute in making Alexander the Great superior as a leader.Read MoreThe Hero: Alexander the Great1393 Words   |  6 Pagesand out of control. Throughout his childhood, most of his friends were women. Lanice, who is a nurse, took goo d care of Alexander during his early life. Her younger brother, Clitus, was Alexander‘s playmate and considered one of his faithful friend. Alexanders early life was just like an ordinary Greek life. He often played hoop and balls and enjoyed night stories. In his seventh year, he was assigned to a teacher who taught him good manners and conducts as well as kept him out of trouble. Leonidas

The Free Soil Party Free Essays

Buchanan30. In 1848, the Free Soil party platform advocated all of the following except [A] free government homesteads for settlers. [B] internal improvements. We will write a custom essay sample on The Free Soil Party or any similar topic only for you Order Now [C] an end to slavery in the District of Columbia. [D] support of the Wilmot Proviso. [E] opposition to slavery in the territories. 31. According to the principle of â€Å"popular sovereignty,† the question of slavery in the territories would be determined by [A] the most popular national leaders. [B] a Supreme Court decision. [C] congressional legislation. [D] the vote of the people in any given territory. [E] a national referendum. 2. The key issue for the major parties in the 1848 presidential election was [A] expansion. [B] personalities. [C] Indian removal. [D] slavery. [E] the economy. 33. The Free Soilers condemned slavery because [A] of moral principles. [B] it damaged the national economy. [C] of the harm it did to blacks. [D] it destroyed the chances of free white workers to rise to self-employment. [E] it was the only way they had of combating the appeal of the Democratic party. 34. Harriet Tubman gained fame [A] as an African-American antislavery novelist. [B] in the gold fields of California. C] by urging white women to oppose slavery. [D] as an advocate of the Fugitive Slave Law. [E] by helping slaves to escape to Canada. 35. Daniel Webster’s famed Seventh of March speech in 1850 resulted in [A] a shift toward compromise in the North. [B] Senate rejection of a fugitive-slave law. [C] a movement to draft him for the presidency. [D] condemnation by northern commercial interests. [E] charges of accepting bribes. 36. In the debates of 1850, Senator William H. Seward, as a representative of the northern Young Guard, argued that [A] John C . Calhoun’s compromise plan must be adopted to preserve the Union. [B] Christian legislators must obey God’s moral law. [C] the Constitution must be obeyed. [D] compromise must be achieved to preserve the Union. [E] African-Americans should be granted their own territory. 37. In the Compromise of 1850, Congress determined that slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was [A] to be decided by popular sovereignty. [B] to be banned. [C] protected by federal law. [D] to be ignored until either territory applied for admission to statehood. E] to be decided by the Mormon Church. 38. The Fugitive Slave Law included all of the following provisions except [A] denial of fleeing slaves’ right to testify on their own behalf. [B] denial of a jury trial to runaway slaves. [C] a higher payment if officials determined blacks to be runaways. [D] the requirement that fugitive slaves be returned from Canada. [E] the penalty of imprisonment for northerners who helped slaves to escape. 39. The election of 1852 was significant because it [A] saw the rise of purely national parties. [B] saw the victory of a pro-South northerner. C] marked the return of issues-oriented campaigning. [D] saw the emergence of an antislavery third party. [E] marked the end of the Whig party. 40. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s was [A] Nicaragua. [B] Panama. [C] Hawaii. [D] Cuba. [E] the Dominican Republic. 41. The prime objective of Manifest Destiny in th e 1850s was [A] Nicaragua. [B] Panama. [C] Hawaii. [D] Cuba. [E] the Dominican Republic. 42. Stephen A. Douglas’s plans for deciding the slavery question in the Kansas-Nebraska scheme required repeal of the [A] Northwest Ordinance. [B] Missouri Compromise. C] Compromise of 1850. [D] Fugitive Slave Act. [E] Wilmot Proviso. 43. One of Stephen Douglas’s mistakes in proposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act was [A] allowing slavery to spread into new territory. [B] underestimating the depth of northern opposition to the spread of slavery. [C] believing that slavery could not survive in Kansas. [D] overestimating the protest to the bill. [E] not securing the transcontinental railroad for the North. 44. The clash between Preston S. Brooks and Charles Sumner revealed [A] the division between the House and the Senate over slavery. B] the fact that, despite divisions over slavery, the House of Representatives would unite to expel a member for bad conduct. [C] the seriousness of political divisions in the North. [D] the fact that passion s over slavery were becoming dangerously inflamed in both North and South. [E] the importance of honor to northerners. 45. Match each candidate in the 1856 election below with the correct party. ___ A. John C. Fremont ___ B. Millard Fillmore ___ C. Martin Van Buren ___ D. James Buchanan 1. Democratic 2. Republican 3. Know-Nothing [A] A-2, B-3, D-1 [B] A-3, C-1, D-2 C] A-1, B-3, C-2 [D] B-1, C-2, D-3 [E] A-2, B-3, C-1 46. In ruling on the Dred Scott case, the United States Supreme Court [A] held that slaveowners could not take slaves into free territories. [B] expected to lay to rest the issue of slavery in the territories. [C] hoped to stimulate further debate on the slavery issue. [D] supported the concept of popular sovereignty. [E] reunited the Democratic party. 47. The political career of Abraham Lincoln could best be described as [A] marred by early political opportunism. [B] hurt by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. [C] hurt by his marriage. D] characterized by a rapid rise to power. [E] slow to get off the ground. 48. As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, [A] Lincoln’s national stature was diminished. [B] Lincoln was elected to the Senate. [C] Douglas defeated Lincoln for the Senate. [D] Illinois rejected the concept of popular sovereignty. [E] Douglas increased his chances of winning the presidency. 49. Match each presidential candidate in the 1860 election below with his party’s position on the slavery question. ___ A. Abraham Lincoln ___ B. Stephen Douglas ___ C. John Breckenridge ___ D. John Bell 1. xtend slavery into the territories 2. ban slavery from the territories 3. preserve the Union by compromise 4. enforce popular sovereignty [A] A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 [B] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2 [C] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 [D] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 [E] A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3 50. When Abraham Lincoln won the 1860 presidential election, people in South Carolina [A] waited to see how other southern states would act. [B] vowed to give their loyalty to Stephen Douglas. [C] were very upset because they would have to secede from the Union. [D] rejoiced because it gave them an excuse to secede. [E] none of these. How to cite The Free Soil Party, Papers

Research methods in nursing and healthcare - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Research methods in nursingand healthcare. Answer: Introduction Critical appraisal is an important process to implement evidence based practice. Critical appraisal skill can help a person to evaluate the effectiveness of a research study and the judge the article for applicability in real setting (LoBiondo-Wood Haber, 2017). In case of health care studies, reviewing the quality of clinical research is necessary to ascertain its validity, credibility and generalizability for real setting or target group (Holloway Galvin 2016). The process of critical appraisal is the systematic process to judge the trustworthiness, value and relevance of the evidence in a particular context (Elwood, 2017). This essay paper is mainly concerned at looking at the evidence regarding the issue of low back pain in nurses and it mainly aims to critically appraise the article by Abedini et al., (2014) to understand the strength and weakness of the article in presenting the findings. The CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) tool for qualitative research article has been used to critically appraise the article and find its utility in evidence based practice. Critical appraisal of qualitative research article Statement of the aim of research The main aim of the research study by Abedini et al., (2014) was to examine the risk perceptions of non-specific low back pain (LBP) among nurses in Bandar Abbas City, Southern Iran. Research in this area was considered important because LBP has become a serious health issue among nurse and it is the main reason for absenteeism at work. The issue has been found to increase risk of chronic disease among nurses as well as increase the burden of the health care system (Traeger et al., 2014). This research is considered useful because it focuses on getting better understanding about nurses perception related to LBP and this knowledge will prove useful to effectively implement interventions for nurses. Different perception of pain and individualized experience may help to determine how pain education or other interventional program can be implemented for nurses. The study is found relevant to address performance related challenges for nurses and address barriers that affect workflow in he alth care setting. Critique of qualitative methodology To collect data related to risk perception of non-specific low back pain among nurses, Abedini et al., (2014) used qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structure interview with nurses. Quantitative research methodology is considered appropriate for research when the main aim is to study about behavior, experiences and attitudes of people in different context. This research approach helps in getting in-depth information about human behavior and finding the behavior of people in different context (Jirojwong, Johnson Welch, 2014). As Abedini et al., (2014) also aimed to study about nurses perception related to LBP, the use of qualitative methodology is a good decision by researcher. The inductive nature of inquiry facilitated collecting lived experience of participants. The decision to not go for quantitative research methodology is also right because quantification of nurses belief cannot give any new insight or useful data. Appropriateness of research design In accordance with COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist, Abedini et al., (2014) specified the methodological orientation for the study and also explained the reason for selecting those approaches. For instance, qualitative content analysis design was used for the research and the researcher justified the decision by explanation on situations during which qualitative methods are adopted in research and is relevance with purpose of the research. The justification provided is correct because evidence has also showed that qualitative content analysis is mostly used in nursing science research (Polit Beck, 2012). Qualitative content analysis is one of the methods to analyze and interpret research data. The advantage of using this approach is that the objective means of explaining any phenomenon helps in dividing the concepts to different categories or conceptual map (Elo et al., 2014). However, the validity of such research is determined by the manne r in which results were developed and analyzed. Effectiveness of recruitment strategy As per COREQ checklist, the article by Abedini et al., (2014) has specified about recruitment strategy, method of approaching participants and sample size too. For instance, purposive sampling technique was employed to recruit participants and their sample size was determined after confirming data saturation. Participants has face-to-face interview which were recorded and transcribed. Hence, by the use of this strategy, about 30 nurses were selected for the study. Purposive sampling strategy is a non-probability sampling technique and it is found useful when the aim is to collect data from target sample quickly. This kind of sample may not be representative of the whole population, however it is found useful when population is very large (Etikan, Musa Alkassim, 2016). Abedini et al., (2014) wanted to get wide range of individual experience and perception, so they recruited participants based on diverse criteria such age, gender, work experience, marital status, different degree of p ain and positions. Use of such heterogeneous purposive sample is commendable because it helped in getting diverse range of cases, related to risk perception of nurses regarding LBP (Robinson, 2014). The quality of qualitative research paper is understood when the author gives clear idea regarding each strategy taken and the rational for it. Quality and trustworthiness of research also becomes evident when clinical reality is appropriately analyzed (Mantzoukas, 2008). Abedini et al., (2014) work is also found to be high quality evidence on the basis of these criteria because the authors were explaining the reason for any strategy whenever it was mentioned in the article. For instance, the main inclusion criteria for sample selection was one year experience in nursing, however the author justified why wide range of samples were taken. However, the author did not give wide explanation around recruitment. Instead, the discussion mainly centered around questions used for interview and ethical requirements before recruiting samples for the study. Method of data collection According to COREQ checklist, a quantitative research articles must have details on interview guide, repeat interviews, method of collecting data, duration, field notes, data saturations and return of transcripts by participant. Abedini et al., (2014) provided detail on development of interview guide, however no repeat interviews were carried out. The study was conducted in Bandar Abbas, but the author gave no detail regarding the setting. Despite the above mentioned shortcomings in the article, the strength of the data collection section is that the researcher has explicitly covered the method of conducting interview. For instance, the process used to prepare interview guide was discussed and it was based on protection motivation theory. This theoretical basis was useful to effectively evaluated risk perception. Semi-structured interview was conducted and interview data were converted into audio transcripts. Another important aspect that was considered by the researcher was saturation of data. All such discussion makes reviewer clear about the method of collecting data. However, there were no such instances of repeat interview and return of transcripts. The researcher did not clarified regarding the duration of interview too (Abedini et al., (2014). Hence, method of data collection that is conducting interview to collect data was found useful because it had the potential to directly address the aim or research question. Minor shortcomings were present, however this had negligible impact on study result. Relationship between researcher and participants The validity of any qualitative research is understood when author demonstrate self-reflexivity in data collection and data analysis process. This means while formulating research question and sample recruitment strategy, the author examines their role in contributing to biasness (Borbasi, Hengstberger-Simis Jackson, 2008). In case of the study by Abedini et al., (2014), the authors focused on minimizing biasness during formulation of questions for interview. This can be said because questions were not independently framed by researcher. Instead, great rigor was seen in preparing interview guide because literatures related to LBP, protection motivation theory and other qualitative approach was reviewed before preparing interview question. In addition, the questions are finalized only after taking feedback from health education and behavioral specialist. This process validated the research and eliminated chances of biasness too. However, the same thing cannot be said regarding the us e of purposive sampling strategy. This is because purposive sample is taken based on judgment of researcher; hence there is increased chance of selection bias (Robinson, 2014). The alertness of researcher to reduce potential bias and influences is also understood when they effectively respond to unpredictable events during the study. This is also reflective of the reliability of the study because such explanations clearly show that the researcher is taking note of all changes that can affect the study results. The study by Abedini et al., (2014) lacked all such discussion because at no point the researcher explained about any changes in research process due to unpredictable events. However, the author focused on establishing relationship with participant by informing them about research purpose, rational for recording the interview and voluntary participation process (Tong, Sainsbury Craig, 2007). This helped in getting appropriate response from participants during the research. Consideration of ethical issues in research While conducting qualitative research, researchers have the responsibility to fulfill certain ethical requirements before starting the research. This includes maintaining anonymity and confidentiality of client information and taking informed consent from participant. Abedini et al., (2014), also maintained ethical standards in research by giving all information to participants related to research purpose, voluntary participation and confidentiality of participants identity. Besides this, they were also made aware about the how research will be conducted by informing about data collection method and reasons to record the interview. Hence, by the above justification, it becomes clear that confidentiality and informed consent requirements were maintained. Despite this, one very important and vital aspect of ethics was missing in the research which was taking approval from the Research Committee regarding conducting the research. Missing such important point can give a bad impression to reviewers. Critique of data analysis The validity of the study is finding is determined by the way data is analyzed. In case of interview with nurse regarding LBP, data collected from the interview records were analyzed. The text transcribed in the Microsoft Office Word was also transferred into a qualitative data analyzing software, MAZQDA10 version 10. This software analyzes and categorize qualitative data in a systematic manner. Deductive content analysis of data was done by extracting key concepts assigning primary codes to each sentence. By this way of primary coding, main category and sub-category was analyzed (Abedini et al., 2014). Hence, it can be inference that thematic analysis was followed which helps in in-depth exploration of data. The researcher also focused on reducing bias by maintaining the accuracy of verbal cues. For instance, this was done by comparing the audio tapes. This is also revealed the process by which data collected from original sample were analyzed. On comparison of the article according to the COREQ checklist, it can be said that coding was used and themes were derived. Appropriate software was also used to manage the data, however participants feedback on findings was not present. Despite taking only 30 samples, the data can be sufficient because diverse range of participants were recruited to make the sample inclusive. Statement of findings With respect to the original research question, the subcategories were developed on the basis of perceived severity and perceived vulnerability. The key subcategories emerging in perceived severity includes impact of LBP on confronting challenges in profession, inefficiencies in job performance, physical and psychological consequences and financial problems. Subcategories under perceived vulnerability included challenges in hospitals working system and nature of nursing job (Abedini et al,. 2014). The main conclusion from the finding is that nurses mainly have the perception that LBP negative affects their life and disrupts personal nursing performance. Some categories were found consistent with past studies, however some new subtopics such as affect on married life also emerged which was not covered in past studies. Although the themes were linked back to research question, however the quality of article is evident from the utilization of triangulation method to validate the finding s. Many themes were cross-verified from more than two sources (Carter et al., 2014). Besides this, use of direct quotation from nurses helped to enhance the credibility of data. Importance of research The outcome of the study by Abedini et al., (2014) will have great implications on nursing practice and key policy makers. This is because the findings were also analyzed in relation to current practice and on this basis several flaws in work environment and nature of working profession was found which contributed to LBP. Therefore, to effectively implement interventions related to work environment and rules and regulation for research, the study gave direction for future research ideas too. This includes doing more research on work related factors contributing to LBP in nurses. By giving this statement, the researcher gave the idea that the research can be used to improve the quality of nursing care and address the problem of LBP. Conclusion From the critical appraisal of the article by Abedini et al., (2014), it can be said that the evidence is a good quality qualitative research articles as it adopted suitable research process and data analysis process to get answer to the original research questions. Although certain shortcomings were found in the article according to the COREQ checklist (such as no participant feedback, transcript returned, duration of interview, detail of setting and personal characteristics of interviewer), however these were negligible mistakes that would have little impact on study results. The research gave wide area regarding risk perception of nurses regarding LBP, hence the recommendation of narrowing down the research with work related LBP in future was a commendable advice by the researcher. Reference Abedini, S., Morowatisharifabad, M.A., Enjezab, B., Barkhordari, A. Fallahzadeh, H., (2014). Risk perception of nonspecific low back pain among nurses: a qualitative approach.Health promotion perspectives,4(2), p.221. Borbasi, S., Hengstberger-Simis, C. Jackson, D., (2008). Quantitative research: summing it up.Navigating the maze of nursing research 2e: an interactive learning adventure.(Eds S Borbasi, D Jackson, R Langford) pp, pp.103-150. Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J. Neville, A.J., (2014), September. The use of triangulation in qualitative research. InOncology nursing forum(Vol. 41, No. 5). Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. Kyngs, H., (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness.Sage Open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Elwood, M. (2017).Critical appraisal of epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Oxford University Press. Etikan, I., Musa, S.A. Alkassim, R.S., (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling.American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics,5(1), pp.1-4. Holloway, I., Galvin, K. (2016).Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Jirojwong, S., Johnson, M. Welch, A.J., (2014). Research methods in nursing and midwifery: pathways to evidence based practice [metadata only]. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J. (2017).Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. 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