Its Time to Understand Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

It's Time to Understand Euthanasia Your wife of 50 years is suddenly diagnosed with a terminal disease. She lies in a bed, motionless and unaware of her surroundings. The medication to ease her pain has been wearing off. She just lies there in pain and unable to communicate with the outside world. The doctors give her a month to live at the most. What would you do? Would you let her sit in a hospital bed in agonizing pain for the last few months of her life, or do you help her to prematurely meet her God? That is the topic of discussion in this paper: Euthanasia. Let's start by defining the term. Euthanasia is also referred to as "mercy killing." That is the killing of someone for their own good due to the pain and suffering they are enduring. Euthanasia also includes situations where the individual who is suffering makes the decision to die, a type of suicide actually. In today's world there are two types of euthanasia that are most common. The first are people who, perhaps because of serious illness or perhaps for reasons unrelated to their illness, are extremely depressed and say that they want to die (Johanson 1). Research has shown that the vast majority of these people are just asking for sympathy and don't really want to die but rather hear the calls of there loved ones begging them not to go on with the procedure. They want the attempt to fail. The second type of euthanasia involve people who are suffering from an illness that makes them unable to communicate (Johanson 2). These type of people are those who are in comas, paralyzed, or simply so sick that they cannot make meaningful sounds or other communication (Johanson 2). This is a much more accepted type of euthanasia. Especially in the Netherlands where Euthanasia is more common then the United States. There are two sides to attack this issue from. One being from the view of the Catholic Church and the other from a legal standpoint. Lets start with the legal standpoint. Who has the right to tell us when or when cannot die? Many feel that we have the right to do whatever we want to our bodies because they

Ecological niche From Wikipedia

Ecological niche From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Black smokers create ecological niches with their unusual environment In ecology, a niche (CanE, UK /? ni / or US /? n? t? /)[1] is a term describing the way of life of a species. Each species is thought to have a separate, unique niche. The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors (e. g. , by growing when resources are abundant, and when predators, parasites and pathogens are scarce) and how it in turn alters those same factors (e. . , limiting access to resources by other organisms, acting as a food source for predators and a consumer of prey). [2] The majority of species exist in a standard ecological niche. A premier example of a non-standard niche filling species is the flightless, ground-dwelling kiwi bird of New Zealand, which exists on worms, and other ground creatures, and lives its life in a mammal niche. Island biogeog raphy can help explain island species and associated unfilled niches. Contents[hide] * 1 Grinnellian niche * 2 Eltonian niche * 3 Hutchinsonian niche * 4 Parameters * 5 See also * 6 References * 7 External links| [edit] Grinnellian niche The word â€Å"niche† is derived from the Middle French word nicher, meaning to nest. The term was coined by the naturalist Joseph Grinnell in 1917, in his paper â€Å"The niche relationships of the California Thrasher. â€Å"[3] The Grinnellian niche concept embodies the idea that the niche of a species is determined by the habitat in which it lives. In other words, the niche is the sum of the habitat requirements that allow a species to persist and produce offspring. For example, the behavior of the California Thrasher is consistent with the chaparral habitat it lives in—it breeds and feeds in the underbrush and escapes from its predators by shuffling from underbrush to underbrush. This perspective of niche allows for the existence of ecological equivalents and also empty niches. For example, the Anolis lizards of the Greater Antilles are a rare example of convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, and the existence of ecological equivalents: the Anolis lizards evolved in similar microhabitats ndependently of each other and resulted in the same ecomorphs across all four islands. [edit] Eltonian niche In 1927 Charles Sutherland Elton, a British ecologist, gave the first working definition of the niche concept. He is credited with saying: â€Å"[W]hen an ecologist says ‘there goes a badger,' he should include in his thoughts some definite idea of the animal's place in the community to which it belongs, just as if he had said, ‘th ere goes the vicar. ‘†[4] The Eltonian niche encompasses the idea that the niche is the role a species plays in a community, rather than a habitat. edit] Hutchinsonian niche Squirrels in public parks may have a different ecological niche than those with less human contact. The Hutchinsonian niche views niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume, where the dimensions are environmental conditions and the resources that define the requirements of an individual or a species to practise â€Å"its† way of life. The niche concept was popularized by the zoologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson in 1957. [5] Hutchinson wanted to know why there are so many different types of organisms in any one habitat. An organism free of interference from other species could use the full range of conditions (biotic and abiotic) and resources in which it could survive and reproduce which is called its fundamental niche. However, as a result of pressure from, and interactions with, other organisms (i. e. inter-specific competition) species are usually forced to occupy a niche that is narrower than this, and to which they are mostly highly adapted. This is termed the realized niche. The ecological niche has also been termed by G. Evelyn Hutchinson a â€Å"hypervolume. † This term defines the multi-dimensional space of resources (e. . , light, nutrients, structure, etc. ) available to (and specifically used by) organisms. The term adaptive zone was coined by the paleontologist, George Gaylord Simpson, and refers to a set of ecological niches that may be occupied by a group of species that exploit the same resources in a similar manner. (Simpson, 1944; After Root, 1967. )[citation needed] Hutchi nson's â€Å"niche† (a description of the ecological space occupied by a species) is subtly different from the â€Å"niche† as defined by Grinnell (an ecological role, that may or may not be actually filled by a species—see vacant niches). Different species cannot occupy the same niche[citation needed]. A niche is a very specific segment of ecospace occupied by a single species. Species can however share a ‘mode of life' or ‘autecological strategy' which are broader definitions of ecospace. [6] For example, Australian grasslands species, though different from those of the Great Plains grasslands, exhibit similar modes of life. [7] Once a niche is left vacant, other organisms can fill that position. For example, the niche that was left vacant by the extinction of the tarpan has been filled by other animals (in particular a small horse breed, the konik). Also, when plants and animals are introduced into a new environment, they have the potential to occupy or invade the niche or niches of native organisms, often outcompeting the indigenous species. Introduction of non-indigenous species to non-native habitats by humans often results in biological pollution by the exotic or invasive species. The mathematical representation of a species' fundamental niche in ecological space, and its subsequent projection back into geographic space, is the domain of niche modelling. [8] What is the ecological niche of a Slater? In:Insects [Edit categories] Answer: the slater's lives in dark places. uptake water by eatting food Rate This Answer Upper Hutt College Year 13 Biology Slater Study Achievement standard: biology 3. 1 Introduction to experiment: In this investigation of the ecological niche of the woodlouse, I chose to experiment the amount of soil moisture that the slaters tend to prefer. I chose this aspect, as moisture is a vital part in the survival of this small creature. Internet sources provided information of the woodlice that shows that they are from crustacean descent and formerly aquatic even though now they are terrestrial rather than water dwelling. Slaters are generally found in moist, dark places with decomposing plant matter. Enter Slater Diagram From two diagrams it is shown the area of the slaters lungs are near the rear end of the woodlouse and located inside the pleopod, these are where the gills are hiding. The Slater is a creature that receives its oxygen through moisture in its surroundings, which is why I chose to do an experiment on moisture and in which amount of water is most suited to their survival and not a threat. The Woodlouse also has no waxy layer on its body which means desiccation is easy compared to other bugs, this is another reason why the slater need moisture in its environment. Aim: The aim of this investigation is to experiment using woodlice and test on which amount of soil moisture they prefer. Hypothesis: I believe that the more soil moisture there is, the more slaters will be found in that area. Independent Variable: The independent variable of this experiment will be the amount of water that is to be added to the soil. This variable will be measured using millilitres and a measuring cup. The range of values for this will be: 0mls, 25mls, 50mls, 75mls and 100mls. To keep this experiment as fair and accurate as possible, the water will be the exact amount by myself getting down to eye level and pouring the water in little amounts to get the precise amount of water needed. Dependent Variable:

Why Did the United States abandon its Neutrality, Choosing t essays

Why Did the United States abandon its Neutrality, Choosing t essays The United States had many reasons to abandon its neutrality, and choose to go into the war on the side of the allies. It would be hard for a country to remain neutral and help out other countries; for example, France wanted America to help out their government by giving them a loan. Then, if France was to do well in the war and word got out that America helped them and that would make countries upset with America because they were suppose to be a neutral country, but they helped out the French. Document one has the same view. It is a letter from William Jennings Bryan sent to President Wilson. In the message he tells President Wilson of how the French Government would like to make a loan from Morgan Company of New York and Morgan Company asks if there are any objections to them doing this. Bryan says how this is not a good idea considering how America is a neutral country and how it would be difficult to maintain neutrality. The United States cannot enter the war and maintain its neutrality. By America entering the war, they learned who there real friends were. When America first entered that war Russia was an ally, but when the country was taken over by Lenin they dropped out of the war and also sent a bad letter to the American workers. Some excerpts from that letter is included in document three and in that letter Lenin talks of how America was in the war to gain wealth and how the money they gained is sullied with filth. Another message that was sent was not intended for the Americans to read. This message was sent from the German Foreign Minister to the Mexican government. The letter states, which is shown is document four, that if the United States goes into war that they well help Mexico take over land that once belonged to them. Senator George Norris of Nebraska feels that the war is a bad idea because there are some people who want war just so they can have more money in their pockets. In his speech he g...

The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Essays

The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Essays The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Paper The New Town policy in the UK has been a failure Paper The original concepts of new towns date back from1799 and New Lanark on the banks of the river Clyde by Robert Owen. It was built as an industrial town with houses for the workers in the cotton mills. The next main historical event in the development of new town policy comes from Ebenezer Howard and his theory of Garden Cities. He published a book called Garden Cities of Tomorrow, this lead to the building of Letchworth in 1903 and Welwyn Garden City in 1919. After the Second World War Sir Patrick Abercrombie put forward a proposal to build 10 satellite towns beyond Londons green belt. These mainly to be built north of London although a few (Crawley and Bracknell etc) were built south of London. This lead to the passing of the new town act in 1946. This allowed for the provision of 28 new towns, 8 of them within 30 miles of London and the rest scattered around the UK. The new towns were chosen for their location, e.g. Bracknell (built in 1949) was 28 miles west of London and 18 miles from Heathrow. Its site was chosen in favour of White Waltham as it was close to an airfield and there was suitable land available. The end of the new towns act was in 1977, and meant that new towns stopped being built. Those that were currently under construction such as Milton Keynes were continued until they were completed, 1992 for Milton Keynes. The act was withdrawn because it was felt that although the new towns were being filled they were just drawing people from the inner cities, and hence the inner cities were starting to decline. At this point the government decided to completely reverse its policy and actively try to improve the inner cities, an example being the comprehensive overhaul of the London Docklands. Purpose of New Towns In order to assess whether new town policy has been a success we must look at the purpose for the development of new towns. This can be split into five main subsections: They were originally proposed as over-spill towns from London, intended to re-house the population from inner cities in a series of slum clearances after the second world war had destroyed much of London. Areas such as the Docklands and Canary Wharf are key areas that were cleared in order that they might be redeveloped. The displaced population was relocated in the new towns such as Bracknell, Crawley and the new town of East Kilbride taking people from the slums of Glasgow, namely the Gorbals. In order that the towns might become self-sufficient it was intended that industry and business would relocate to the new towns. In order to encourage them to move incentive schemes were instigated and premises built so that companies could move, housing close to the factories and offices were also provided so that they could take their workforce with them. New towns were also built to try and promote areas with untapped resources. Towns such as Corby were founded and housing built to support the industry around it. This meant that the inhabitants had a job laid out for them when they moved to their new house. However when the resource runs out the town is left without its main source of employment and so the number of people who are jobless rises sharply. New towns were seen as a way of allowing people to settle in remote areas that had low population densities. Around Newtown in mid Wales for example there were originally only small towns and villages as well as a few farms. Newtown meant that a new trunk road was built and attracted large multinational companies like Laura Ashley (subsequently relocated) and other distribution firms. The fifth and final reason for the development of new towns is to revitalise run down areas. This happened in Peterlee and Washington in the North of England. In much the same ways as other new towns were built they were constructed with housing groups and industry to provide jobs as well as incentives to attract the companies. Evidence The new town policy was discontinued in 1977. There are a number of possible reasons for this: * It may be that no more housing is required and hence building more new towns would just lead to an over provision for housing and cause house prices to fall and lead to large scale negative equity, thus forcing the country into a recession. * It may have been felt that the new towns were expanding too quickly and not respecting green-belt land. Consequently the act was stopped with the thought that this would preserve some of the open land. * Inner cities were felt to be declining as the general trend was to re-house people from these inner city areas as so they were not having the investment made in them. Areas such as the London Docklands and Canary Wharf are obvious examples of areas that have since benefited from the change in policy concerning new towns. The new town policy has been criticised for having been a failure; some have argued that because the early new towns were built with the houses first in an attempt to relocate as many people as possible as quickly as possible, jobs for those who moved were not provided. This lead to a large percentage of the population of the early new towns being out of work and unemployed, leading to a stigma being attached to the new towns as areas for the lower classes. This was changed in later new towns as for example in Milton Keynes where industry moved with a certain amount of workforce, as well as a Central Business eXchange (CBX) being built and a large shopping complex in the centre with provision for parking all around the outside. New towns that built up around a particular resource soon collapsed when the resource ran out, for example in Corby an industry was set-up around the steelworks providing many hundreds of jobs for the inhabitants of Corby. This however was the main source of employment in the town and so when the resource (iron ore) ran out the industry had to close, causing the loss of those many hundreds of jobs. This problem was one inherent in the construction of a town with just one main source of employment and can only be catered for by ensuring that either the employment continues or that there is some other form of employment for the town. Corby was therefore learnt from and the later new towns did not have one sole industry. A fundamental problem with the new towns was the policy of creating socially mixed housing. Whilst it was understood that houses of all sizes should be created in order to cater for all it was felt that areas of socially mixed housing would be a good idea. However the people living in the houses did not want to be in areas of either socially or ethnically mixed housing. Thus managers did not want to be living next to the factory floor workers. However the new towns were built in small neighbourhoods around each other. This meant that it was not necessary to take the car in order to purchase convenience goods such a milk and bread. With a good network of pleasant paths it is possible to go entirely by foot or by bike. The networks of roads in a new town are quite often laid out geometrically. In Milton Keynes for example the road are spaced at one kilometre intervals and at 90à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ to each other, this thereby creates a traffic grid which allows cars and buses to move along with the minimal amount of hassle. It is however in this that yet another problem with new towns lies: It relies heavily on the car. To use Milton Keynes again as an example the central shopping centre has many hundreds of car park spaces, but is surrounded firstly by the car park, then by a ring of industry, and only then does the first set of housing start. This means that anyone who wants to go shopping but does not have a car is forced to use public transport, as it is impossible to go to the shops and carry the purchases back. The building of new towns has allowed for some radical rethinks into the way that houses are built and positioned. Energy saving houses that lose less than 1% of their heat to the surroundings by the use of heat exchanges and solar panels have been developed in some new towns, setting the way for further housing. Finally the new town policy has created towns that are fairly well countrified, and although they are often lumps of concrete in the middle of green open areas they are well countrified. With millions of trees having been planted for instance in Milton Keynes it will ensure that the surroundings are pleasant for the inhabitants. So has the policy of new towns been a failure or a success. To recap we have the problems of inner cities becoming dilapidated, social housing areas, lack of jobs, collapse of industry and the reliance on the car. Beside this there are the positive points of the development of futuristic housing, re-housing of slums, relocation of business out of the city centres, promotion of new resources and the revitalisation of remote and run down areas. We can therefore conclude that although new towns have many disadvantages the policy was right to try and move people away from the slums but should have redeveloped those areas immediately so that they did not fuel the cycle. The implementation of well structured new towns with adequate services and networks is a much better alternative to an unplanned urban sprawl which we see starting to spread its way across Englands countryside.

Micro Elements â Wrong Turn Essays

Micro Elements à ¢ Wrong Turn Essays Micro Elements à ¢ Wrong Turn Essay Micro Elements à ¢ Wrong Turn Essay Wrong Turn is a horror film directed by Rob Schmidt. The theme of horror will instantly attract the viewers into the film as they are always going to be sitting on the edge of their seat. The film is set deep in the woods†¦ but no one’s lived to tell about it, where Chris Finn is on his way to an interview but turns around to avoid traffic and makes the biggest mistake of his life, where there he then crashes into a group of young friends and they are stranded along this long road. The friends then encounter a group of monsters and then face death. I am going to look at the Misc en scene and sound of the Micro Elements in the first 3 minutes of the film. The film starts off with some non-diegetic sound, which gives off a spooky, edgy vibe. As this is going on there is a crane shot of a huge forest with a long road running down the middle of the deep woods, this shot then runs down the forest at speed, whilst the track playing is getting lighter to hear. This then leads to a rocky wall with a long shot of two people both male and female escalating the wall, these actors both have their rock climbing equipment and are doing a good job of climbing the wall, this automatically gives off the image that they know what they are doing and are highly experienced in rock climbing. At this point the track has stopped playing and the diegetic sound comes into play as their cables are crashing into the rocks and the man is groaning as he climbs his way up the wall. The Shot then changes to a medium shot from below as the male character has reached the top of the wall; this gives the male character power as we as viewers are looking up at him. The Male character is then rubbing his hands together to gives off a sense of ease and accomplishment; the diegetic sound now changes to the whistling of the trees as the wind are pushing then around. There is then a quick point of view shot from the male character at the top of the wall, where he is looking out to what’s below and round him, the shot displays the deep woods which is nothing but trees. The shot then changes to a medium close up of the male character and then point of view shot from his view to the women who is still climbing, but at the same time the women is talking to the man asking to help, this shows that the female character is weaker than the male character in that she is asking him to help her go up the wall, the shot then quickly changes, to a point of view from her view loo king up at the man then seeing him walk off out of her view of him. Then more diegetic sound comes in of the women breathing heavily as she is having a difficult time escalating the wall, this may tell us that she isn’t as experienced and as good of a rock climber as us as an audience expected. There is then a close up of the women’s shoe on the rock and then a quick change of close up to her hand trying to grab onto a rock, this then leads to the women falling off the wall and being saved by the mountain climbing ropes attached to her. The women whilst falling off gave a huge scream of â€Å"NO† in disappointment and fear, the camera shot changed to a medium shot following the women as she is falling off the cliff to show her body. This gives us the impression that she is not the most confidant person and probably doesn’t love climbing as much as the male partner. The shot then changes quickly to a medium shot of the man and then again as a point of view shot from the man looking down on the women. Then more diegetic soun d comes in as they talk. When the conversation ends there is then a feint drumbeat, this may intimidate the audience and get them think what’s going to happen. The camera is now a long shot looking down on the women still attempting to climb up the rocky wall, a bird then tweets in the background and you hear a bang and the male character gives a short groan, the women then calls his name. The camera shot then changes to a medium shot of the women from her left side of her still trying to get up this wall, it then jump-cuts to a distance shot of her back and the wall and what’s above her, this may show the audience that she really needs help and the audience are on her side in wanting the male to help pull her up the cliff. The camera then changes to a medium close up from above of the women and then a point of view of the women. These quick changes of shots are effective as they keep the audience excited and are waiting to see what happens next. As the camera is on the women’s point of view the male character at the top of the cliff then falls to the floor and blood runs down the cliff and drops onto her face, the diegetic sound plays of her calling out his name and then the dripping of the blood smashing onto her left cheek. This frightens the audience and adds tension, as they don’t know what has happened, they just know that the male character that is meant to have more power over the female partner is dead. The female character then looks at her hand and then up at the top of the cliff, whilst there is a change of shot with a medium close up of the women’s face and blood near her left eye. The camera shot then changes again quickly to a extreme close up of the male characters hand hanging over the cliff, the hand is then dragged off the screen and there a quick jumps of camera to the women and then from below the cliff where the male character has been chucked off the cliff and is falling, the shot then jumps again to a close up of the women’s face as she watches it happen then turns away, then again to above the cliff and then again to the cables being reeled in fast. All of these really quick and effective camera shots put the audience on the very edge of their set and feel sorrow and mercy for the women, what also makes the audience feel this way is the women’s quick deep screams which make us wake in our boots. The women is now being reeled in fast up the side o f the cliff and is scratching up her legs and hands as there is a medium shot of the women and then a quick jump to an extreme close up of the women’s hand, the camera from now is jumping all over the place from below the women to above her and then to another shot of the cables being reeled in. non diegetic sound comes into play of deep music beats slowly getting faster and faster like a build to a ghastly event. This music really heightens the tension even more than before. Camera shot then jumps to the females climbing equipment that is keeping her attached to the cables, she then grabs out her knife then with an extreme close up of her she cuts down the rope. This appears to the audience that she has saved herself from getting caught at the top of the cliff, but then the camera angle changes to a medium shot of her trying to get to another cable, but then failing and falling off the cliff into grass with a close up of her head, then a point of view shot facing the male partner she has landed next to in the grass, with blood running down his face, and then another close up of the women holding her mouth as if wanting to be sick, the audience are probably frightened but this weird occurring event that has happened in the first 3 minutes of the film, as it has all happened very quickly and been left in tension as they have not seen the killer or his face. To conclude these first few minutes the audience would have felt on the edge of their seat and nearly paralyzed looking at the screen as they hear and see weird events that occur with the blood and the deep banging of the drum in the background track. This quick montage of camera shots in the first few minutes of the film add great effect to the horror theme as they scare the audience and leave them in such fear as what was going to happen next in the film. The sequence starts with a feeling of isolation as the dividers are away from civilization, ‘the rushing in for the camera helps create a feeling of stress and this is added to be the POV shots’ of the man looking down of the women. The audience are helped to quickly identify with the women’s position that is in danger, and it is interesting how this develops when we get his falling and then getting POV shots from her. The fast montage of edits- often close-ups gives specific details about the ropes slipping et c. but restrict us from knowing who is endangering and threatening her. The unknown monster is always the scariest one.

Are we as informed as we think we are Assignment

Are we as informed as we think we are - Assignment Example In the whole room, only their voices could be heard. One of the participants was a 45- year- old women called Heather Tay talks a lot by just repeating other people opinions by not reasoning out some meaningful thoughts just as the design and technology consultants (Ross, 2015). Her opinions are not liked by majority, but she feels used to being on the minority side. Tay, who is an African talks about an attack of Charlie Hebdo and someone, asked her the reason Christians especially the Catholic members can be made fun of but not the Muslim’s. The funny Tay answered the man in just but a simple way that it becomes easy to make excitement of majority compared to minority (Ross, 2015). Motivation entrepreneur of Tay and Rahman called Stuart Knight saw these and felt upset regarding it as lack of knowledge. Knight talks about on how technology has led to many sharing opinions but still majority are not well informed. Every person needs to take into account what is appropriate and meaningful both personally and to others. One needs to seek out new facts and puts them into practice. Thinking big about bigger questions is highly appreciated. One need to gather information from one source and puts it into a working memory that can only allow a maximum of four new information at

Hemorrhage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hemorrhage - Research Paper Example Often considered the â€Å"fourth trimester† of pregnancy, the postpartum period encompasses the first six (6) weeks after childbirth. After the delivery, the woman begins to experience psychological and physiological changes that return the body into the pre-pregnant state. These changes often occur without difficulty. However, factors such as blood loss, trauma, infection and fatigue place the woman at high risk, making the postpartum period a crucial time. Postpartum haemorrhage is considered one of the leading causes of maternal deaths, accounting approximately 30% of all pregnancy-related deaths. A study was made in aiming early identification of postpartum haemorrhage with the end view of preventing its occurrence and if not, to provide prompt intervention and prevention of its life threatening complications. It is vitally important to identify those women at increased risk of a postpartum hemorrhage, as well as understanding and carrying out expectant and active management of the third stage of labor. Regardless of the cause, the woman is in danger of developing hypovolemia, a system-wide decrease in blood volume from too much blood loss. If the blood loss continues, the woman may develop hypovolemic shock, which is characterized by a weak and thread and rapid pulse; hypotension; cold and clammy skin; and changes in level of consciousness. These findings may occur abruptly and be dramatic if the blood loss is large and occurs quickly. The woman who experiences postpartum haemorrhage is also at risk for developing anemia from the blood loss. Active management comprises one of the most important sets to prevent these complications. An effective measure that can be delivered by trained health care providers linked with essential supplies in all the settings that women give birth. It includes administration of uterotonic agent; after the cord is clamped, placenta delivered by controlled cord traction with counter-traction on the fundus; uterine massage